Types of High Blood Pressure | Hypertension

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition characterised by elevated blood pressure in the arteries. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps it throughout the body.

Normal blood pressure is typically defined as 120/80 mmHg (millimetres of mercury) or lower. Hypertension is diagnosed when the blood pressure consistently measures 130/80 mmHg or higher over a period of time.

There are two types of hypertension:

1. Primary (essential) hypertension: This is the most common type of hypertension, accounting for about 90-95% of cases. The exact cause is unknown, but several factors contribute to its development, including genetics, lifestyle choices (such as unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption), and certain underlying medical conditions.
2. Secondary hypertension: This type of hypertension is caused by an underlying medical condition or medication. Examples include kidney disease, hormonal disorders (such as hyperthyroidism or Cushing’s syndrome), certain medications (such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or birth control pills), and illicit drug use.

Hypertension is often referred to as a “silent killer” because it usually doesn’t cause noticeable symptoms in the early stages. However, if left uncontrolled or undiagnosed, it can lead to serious health complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and other vascular problems.

Treatment for hypertension typically involves lifestyle modifications and, in some cases, medication. Lifestyle changes may include adopting a healthy diet (such as the DASH diet, which emphasises fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products), regular exercise, weight management, limiting alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, and managing stress.

In cases where lifestyle changes alone are not enough, healthcare professionals may prescribe antihypertensive medications to help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications. These medications work in various ways, such as by relaxing blood vessels, reducing blood volume, or decreasing the heart’s workload.

If you suspect you have hypertension or have concerns about your blood pressure, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional who can properly diagnose and provide appropriate guidance and treatment options. They can monitor your blood pressure, assess your overall health, and develop a personalised plan to manage hypertension effectively.